Create and manage volumes

For Fly Launch apps: Learn how to create a new app with volumes or add a volume to your app.

You can manage Fly Volumes using the fly volumes command.

Fly Volumes are local persistent storage for Fly Machines. Learn how Fly Volumes work.

Note: fly volumes is aliased to fly volume and fly vol.

Access a volume

Access and write to a volume on a Machine just like a regular directory.

For Machines managed with Fly Launch, the destination under [mounts] in fly.toml is the path for the mounted volumes.

For unmanaged Machines, you specify the mount path when you add a volume to a cloned Machine or create a Machine and attach a volume.

Create a volume

Create a Fly Volume:

fly volumes create <my_volume_name>

Use the --region option to set a region, or select a region when prompted.

Use the --count option to create more than one volume.

Use the --snapshot-retention option to change the number of days we retain snapshots (default is 5 days).

For more options, refer to the fly volumes create docs or run fly volumes create --help.

Extend a volume

You can make a volume bigger using the fly volume extend command. Note that you can extend (increase) a volume’s size, but you can’t make a volume smaller.

You can also configure a volume to extend automatically after a certain threshold using the Machines API or in the [mounts] section of your app’s fly.toml file.

  1. Run fly volumes list and copy the ID of the volume to extend.

  2. Extend the volume size:

    `fly volumes extend <volume id> -s <new size in GB>`

  3. (Optional) Check the new volume size in the Machine’s file system:

    fly ssh console -s -C df

    Example output:

    ? Select VM:  [Use arrows to move, type to filter]
> yyz: 4d891de2f66587 fdaa:0:3b99:a7b:ef:8cc4:dc49:2 withered-shadow-4027           
Connecting to fdaa:0:3b99:a7b:ef:8cc4:dc49:2... complete
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs          103068      0    103068   0% /dev
/dev/vda         8191416 172752   7582852   3% /
shm               113224      0    113224   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs             113224      0    113224   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb         2043856   3072   1930400   1% /storage

    In the preceding example, the volume is mounted under /storage and has been resized to from 1GB to 2GB. The df command shows disk space in 1K blocks by default. Use the -h flag to return a more human-readable format.

For options, refer to the fly volumes extend docs or run fly volumes extend --help.

Create a copy of a volume (Fork a volume)

Create an exact copy of a volume, including its data. By default, we place the new volume on a separate physical host in the same region. Use the --region option to fork the volume into another region.

Important: After you fork a volume, the new volume is independent of the source volume. The new volume and the source volume do not continue to sync.

  1. Run fly volumes list and copy the ID of the volume to fork.

  2. Fork the volume:

    fly volumes fork <volume ID> --region <region>

    Example output:

           ID: vol_grnoq5796wwj0dkv
     Name: my_volume_name
      App: my-app-name
   Region: yyz
     Zone: 511d
  Size GB: 3
Encrypted: true
Created at: 12 Oct 23 18:57 UTC

  3. (Optional) Use fly scale count to create a new Machine that picks up the unattached volume, or attach the volume to a new Machine by cloning with the following command:

`fly machine clone <machine id> --region <region code> --attach-volume <volume id>:<destination mount path>`

For options, refer to the fly volumes fork docs or run fly volumes fork --help.

Add a volume to an unmanaged Machine

For Machines that aren’t managed with Fly Launch (fly.toml and fly deploy), you can create a volume and attach it when you clone a Machine. You can also clone a Machine with a volume to get a new Machine with an empty volume.

  1. Create the volume in the same region as your app. For example:

    fly volumes create <volume name> --region <region code>

  2. Clone one of your app’s Machines (with no volume) and attach the volume you just created:

    fly machine clone <machine id> --region <region code> --attach-volume <volume id>:<destination mount path>

    destination-mount-path is the directory where the volume should be mounted on the file system. Note that you can’t mount a volume with a destination-mount-path of /, since / is used for the root file system.

    For example:

    fly machine clone 148eddeef09789 --region yyz --attach-volume vol_8l524yj0ko347zmp:/data

  3. Repeat the preceding steps as needed to create more Machines with volumes.

  4. Confirm that the volume is attached to a Machine with fly machine list or fly volumes list.

  5. (Optional) Destroy the Machine used to create the clone:

    fly machine destroy <machine id>

Clone a Machine with a volume

Clone a Machine with a volume to create a new Machine in the same region with an empty volume. Use the -r option to clone the Machine into a different region.

  1. Run fly status and copy the Machine ID of the Machine to clone.

  2. Clone the Machine:

    fly machine clone <machine id>

  3. List volumes to check the result:

    fly volumes list

    Example output showing two volumes with attached Machines:

    ID                      STATE   NAME    SIZE    REGION  ZONE    ENCRYPTED       ATTACHED VM     CREATED AT     
vol_ez1nvxkwl3jrmxl7    created data    1GB     lhr     4de2    true            91851edb6ee983  39 seconds ago
vol_zmjnv8m81p5rywgx    created data    1GB     lhr     b6a7    true            5683606c41098e  7 minutes ago

Note: fly machine clone doesn’t write data into the new volume.

For options, refer to the fly machine clone docs or run fly machine clone --help.

Destroy a volume

Warning: When you destroy a volume, you permanently delete all its data.

  1. Run fly volumes list and copy the ID of volume to destroy.

  2. Destroy the volume:

fly volumes destroy <volume id>

For options, refer to the fly volumes destroy docs or run fly volumes destroy --help.

Restore a deleted volume

You can restore data from a deleted volume using a volume snapshot. At this time, you can only retrieve a deleted volume’s ID for 24 hours after deletion. If you already have the volume ID, then you can still use it to access the volume’s snapshots within the snapshot retention period. The default snapshot retention period is 5 days. Learn how to set or change the snapshot retention period.

  1. Run fly volumes list --all and copy the ID of the deleted volume.

  2. List the volume’s snapshots and copy the ID of the snapshot to restore:

    fly volumes snapshots list <volume id>

    Example output:

    Snapshots
ID                  SIZE        CREATED AT
vs_MgLAggLZkYx89fLy 17638389    1 hour ago
vs_1KRgwpDqZ2ll5tx  17649006    1 day ago
vs_nymJyYMwXpjxqTzJ 17677766    2 days ago
vs_R3OPAz5jBqzogF16 17689473    3 days ago
vs_pZlGZvq3gkAlAcaZ 17655830    4 days ago
vs_A9k6age3bQov6twj 17631880    5 days ago

  3. Restore from the volume snapshot into a new volume of equal or greater size:

    fly volumes create <volume name> --snapshot-id <snapshot id> -s <volume size in GB>

    Example output: 

    ? Select region: Sydney, Australia (syd)
        ID: vol_mjn924o9l3q403lq
      Name: pg_data
      App: my-app-name
    Region: syd
      Zone: 180d
  Size GB: 3
Encrypted: true
Created at: 02 Aug 22 21:27 UTC

For options, refer to the fly volumes snapshots docs or run fly volumes snapshots --help.

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